From the article:
I think this is the first time in quite a few releases where we end up with an overall regression. However, the situation is not quite as bad as it looks.
In particular, the large regression on the right is due to enabling C++17 by default. The close to two times slowdown in 7zip O0 builds comes down to STL headers becoming 2-3 times as large in C++17.
While this is sad, and I had to edit out some choice words on the C++ standardization committee (I hear that this gets even worse in C++20), at least this does not affect non-clang compilers (e.g. Rust) and C code.
The tl;dr is that check builds are faster (i.e. optimization quality has improved) while debug/opt builds are mixed, but slightly slower when averaged over everything.